How does satellite Internet operate?

How do you access the Internet other than dial-up if you live too far from a phone company office for DSL and there is no cable TV on your street? Satellite Internet access may be worth considering. It's ideal for rural Internet users who want broadband access.

Satellite Internet does not use telephone lines or cable systems, but instead uses a satellite dish for two-way (upload and download) data communications. Upload speed is about one-tenth of the 500 kbps download speed. Cable and DSL have higher download speeds, but satellite systems are about 10 times faster than a normal modem.

Firms that offer or plan to offer two-way satellite Internet include StarBand, Pegasus Express, Teledesic and Tachyon. Tachyon service is available today in the United States, Western Europe and Mexico. Pegasus Express is the two-way version of DirecPC.

Two-way satellite Internet consists of:

* * Approximately a two-foot by three-foot dish
* * Two modems (uplink and downlink)
* * Coaxial cables between dish and modem

The key installation planning requirement is a clear view to the south, since the orbiting satellites are over the equator area. And, like satellite TV, trees and heavy rains can affect reception of the Internet signals.

Two-way satellite Internet uses Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting technology, which means up to 5,000 channels of communication can simultaneously be served by a single satellite. IP multicasting sends data from one point to many points (at the same time) by sending data in compressed format. Compression reduces the size of the data and the bandwidth. Usual dial-up land-based terrestrial systems have bandwidth limitations that prevent multicasting of this magnitude.

Some satellite-Internet service still requires you to have a dial-up or cable modem connection for the data you send to the Internet. The satellite data downlink is just like the usual terrestrial link, except the satellite transmits the data to your computer via the same dish that would allow you to receive a Pay-Per-View television program.

So, if you are in a rural area and you want broadband access to the Internet, satellite Internet may be for you!

Restarting Windows Without Restarting Your PC

A modern PC with Vista Home Edition takes about one and a half minutes to boot. An older machine with XP is about the same. That's 30 seconds for the PC itself (the BIOS) to boot up, plus a minute for the Windows operating system to boot.

Sometimes, you need to reboot Windows (e.g. when installing new software), but there is no need to restart BIOS, too. However, the default is to reboot both. (That's called doing a "cold boot," rather than a "warm boot.") There's a trick that works on both XP and Vista to get it to do a warm boot instead, thus saving you 30 seconds per cycle.

The trick is to hold down the SHIFT key when invoking the restart.

Windows Vista: Select Start, then hover over the right arrow that is to the right of the padlock icon until the pop-up menu appears that contains "restart" as one of it's choices. Hold down the SHIFT key while clicking on the "restart" choice.

Windows XP: Select Start. Select "Shut Down…". Change the drop-down combo box under "What do you want the computer to do?" to "Restart". Hold down the SHIFT key while clicking on the "OK" button.

How To Reset, Retrieve Windows Xp User Password

You can get in to any user account if you are using windows administrative account its a simple methord !


STEP 1 . CLCIK - START MENU !
STEP 2 . TAKE "RUN"
STEP 3 . RUN "mmc" - Microsoft Management Console

There u get a new NEW WINDOW - name Console

STEP 4. Click FILE TAB
STEP 5. TAKE " ADD / REMOVE "
STEP 6. Click " Add.." - (Child window)
STEP 7. "Add Local User and Groups " From the category
STEP 8. THEN CLICK - OK
STEP 9. CLICK USER
Now u can see all USER account
STEP 10. Right Click on any user u want to change !
STEP 11. Choose " Set Password "
STEP 12. Type NEWPASSWORD - and click OK !

Process Over ! Now you can Logout .... then Login with other user ( that u change password ) with Newpassword !

Finding IP address of sender in Yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail.

Finding IP Address Of the Sender In Hotmail!!

# Log into your Hotmail account with your username and password.
# Click on the Mail tab on the top.
# Open the mail.
# If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed . To display the headers,

* Click on Options on the top-right corner
* In the Mail Options page, click on Mail Display Settings
* In Message Headers, make sure Advanced option is checked.
* Click on Ok button
* Go back to the mails and open that mail.

# If you find a header with X-Originating- IP: followed by an IP address, that is the sender's IP address

* Hotmail headers : Daniel ,In this case the IP address of the sender is [68.34.60.59] . This is be the IP address of the sender.

# If you find a header with Received: from followed by a Gmail proxy like this

* Hotmail headers : Daniel
* Look for Received: from followed by IP address within square brackets[]. In this case, the IP address of the sender is [69.140.7.58] .

# Or else if you have headers like this

* Hotmail headers : Daniel
* Look for Received: from followed by IP address within square brackets[].
In this case, the IP address of the sender is [61.83.145.129] .

# If you have multiple Received: from headers, eliminate the ones that have proxy.anyknownserve r.com.

Finding IP Address of the sender in Yahoo Mail!!

# Log into your Yahoo! mail with your username and password.
# Click on Inbox or whichever folder you have stored your mail.
# Open the mail.
# If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed . To display the headers,

* Click on Options on the top-right corner
* In the Mail Options page, click on General Preferences
* Scroll down to Messages where you have the Headers option
* Make sure that Show all headers on incoming messages is selected
* Click on the Save button
* Go back to the mails and open that mail.

# You should see similar headers like this:

* Yahoo! headers : Daniel.

# Look for Received: from followed by the IP address between square brackets [ ]. Here, it is 202.65.138.109.
# That is be the IP address of the sender!

Finding IP Address of the sender in Gmail !!

When you receive an email, you receive more than just the message. The email comes with headers that carry important information that can tell where the email was sent from and possibly who sent it. For that, you would need to find the IP address of the sender. The tutorial below can help you find the IP address of the sender.

* Log into your Gmail account with your username and password.
* Open the mail.
* To display the headers,
o Click on More options corresponding to that thread. You should get a bunch of links. Click on Show original
* You should get headers like this:
o Gmail headers : Daniel
* Look for Received: from followed by a few hostnames and an IP address between square brackets. In this case, it is 65.119.112.245.
* That is be the IP address of the sender!!

NOTE:= This will not work if the sender uses anonymous proxy

Increasing The Life Of Hard Disk

Taking care of your hard disk is important because this is the place where all the data is stored and once the hard disk crashes, data in most cases is not recoverable. There are data recovery softwares and programs which recover data from crashed hard disks but that is not for normal computer users.

But why do hard disks crash and what can be done to prevent them from crashing?. At the same time how can a hard disk be made more efficient? Here are the answers.

Hard disks crash due to many reasons. Voltage fluctuations, physical impact, improper alignment and of course mechanical failure due to wear and tear of internal parts. Let us start one by one and get the answers to the above problems.

1. Voltage fluctuations or spikes as they are called can be prevented by using voltage stabilizers or spike guards. This will limit the damage to the hard disk to a great extent.

2. Physical impact can be prevented by handling the hard disk carefully when installing/ re-installing. When installing the hard disk care should be taken to see that it sits perfectly horizontal and that it does not vibrate or shake once the computer is started.

3. The natural wear and tear of parts can be limited by defragmenting your hard disk from time to time.But what is defragmentation? All newly created files are stored in various places on the hard disk in a single cluster ( contiguous file ). But, as the number of files and programs increase, these files are not stored as one contiguous file but broken down and scattered in various places on the hard disk. In short files get fragmented. When these files are accessed by the user, the head on the hard disk moves to and fro to locate these fragments. These fragmented files puts lot of mechanical pressure on the internal parts of the hard disk. This leads to crashes. To start disk defragmenter from the start menu, click the start button and follow this path (All Programs / Accessories / System Tools / Disk Defragmenter) . A minimum of 15 percent free space on your disk is needed for disk defragmenter to run. The disk can also be defragmented automatically by using schedule task. This program can can be accessed via system tools.

4. Power management tool can also be used to enhance the life of hard disk. To access this program go to start / control panel / power options and set the parameters for various hardware devices.

5. Disk cleanup increases the efficiency of the hard disk. So delete unwanted files and programs regularly.

Follow the above rules to increase the life of you hard disk.

Make A Directory List With The Command Prompt In Seconds

A Directory List With The Command Prompt In Seconds E-mail
Did you ever want to send a list of all the music in your computer to someone else? How about the names of all the files in a specific directory - like My Documents? This can be easily done with the command prompt which is built into Windows. Although there are many programs out there that are able to create directory lists, using the command prompt is quick, easy, and there is no need to install a new application.

More…
Running and Navigating in the Command Prompt

To run the command prompt, click on Start->Run and type cmd.

Notice that you are immediately placed in C:\Documents and Settings\[user] .
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Navigate to the folder that you want to create a list of all files in by using the 'cd' command:

Simply type "cd\folder1\ folder2\…" . So if you want to get to the folder c:\MyFiles\Music you would type:

cd\myfiles\music

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Now, just type this command:

dir /on /b /s >list.txt

The file list.txt will be created in the directory (in this case c:\MyFiles\Music\ list.txt) and will include all the files and sub-directories that are included in the current folder. If you only want a list of the files and folders in the current folder without its sub-directories, remove the /s, to make it:

dir /on /b >list.txt

The /on orders the lists by alphabetical name, the /b makes it only list the filename, and the /s includes subdirectories files in the list.

Of course, you can change the text file to anything you want by changing list.txt to anything.txt.

This is how the text file will look like:
list.gif

You can modify this file in seconds and make it look exactly like you want it (like removing the c:\MyFiles\Music part) with your favorite text editor and the Find and Replace feature. This can be used to make lists of everything on the computer - music, documents, pictures and programs.

This whole process takes less than 30 seconds and is vital at times. Especially before a reformat.

How To Install Leopard With An External Hard Drive

If you have an external hard drive and made an image of leopard copy, but don't have any dual layered disks lying around, you can always use an external hard drive to install Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard. This is incredibly easy, and works with both USB and Firewire hard drives:

1. Plug in your external hard drive

2. Open up Disk Utility

3. Click on the name of your external harddrive

4. Click on the "Restore" tab

5. In the "Source" field, select the image file (such as leopard.dmg) from wherever it is on your hard drive

6. In the "Destination" field, drag your external hard drive from the Disk Utility drive list on the left onto this field. Of course, if it's only a partition on the external drive that you want to use, drag only the partition.

Note: anything on the partition will be erased and replaced with the installation files for Leopard. Therefore, it is best to make a partition on the external hard drive which has about 8 gigabytes. Use this partition as the destination so that everything else on the drive remains unchanged.

7. Click on restore. This may take awhile.

8. Once its done, open up System Preferences

9. Click on Startup Disk

10. Select the external hard drive (or partition in it) with the Leopard Install

11. Click Restart. The leopard installation will begin from the external hard drive. This installation is identical to installing leopard with a DVD.